Answer to Question 1
The preconditions of violence are structured sources of frustration that can influence many people. When people are frustrated, there is a buildup of tension that may be released in aggressive and sometimes violent behavior. This aggressive or violent reaction can release the tension created by frustration even though it fails to alleviate the real source of the frustration.
Answer to Question 2
First, action dramas can be arousing to viewers and may stimulate them in the direction of physical activity and release. This effect is probably of short duration, from hours to days. Second, television provides viewers with legitimizing models for violence in much the same way that parents or peers can serve as models. Also, the violence seen on television has some unreal or surrealistic qualities. People bleed little, and the actual pain and agony resulting from a violent attack are rarely portrayed. The consequences of violence often seem antiseptic and rather unimportant. Third, television conveys attitudes and values, and it can teach children to view violence or antisocial behavior as a desirable way to behave.
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