Martha wants to teach her dog Max the command, Get beer, Max. This involves going to the refrigerator and opening it by pulling on a dishtowel tied to the handle, taking out a can of beer with his mouth, and bringing it to her dinner guest. Which of the following training methods is likely to work best?
a. chaining and positive reinforcement
b. shaping and positive punishment
c. chaining and negative punishment
d. shaping and negative reinforcement
Question 2
Mrs. Collora teaches social studies to junior high school students. Two boys in her class often loudly make jokes about the material being discussed. She has tried several techniques without success: (1) ignoring them; (2) encouraging and rewarding them for contributing to the class discussion; (3) removing their opportunities to participate in field trips; and (4) requiring them each to write an essay on proper behavior. In the order presented, list the operant conditioning principles she has applied to the situation.
a. extinction, positive reinforcement, negative punishment, positive punishment
b. positive punishment, positive reinforcement, extinction, negative punishment
c. negative punishment, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, extinction
d. extinction, positive reinforcement, positive punishment, negative punishment
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