The stage was set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of ...

[vicky]

The stage was set for a cataclysmic shift in the course of history when
 
  a. Europeans increasingly demanded less expensive goods from Asia.
  b. Africa was established as a source of slave labor.
  c. the Portuguese demonstrated the feasibility of long-range ocean navigation.
  d. the Renaissance nurtured a spirit of optimism and adventure.
  e. All of these

Question 2

Most of the utopian communities in pre-1860s America held ____ as one of their founding ideals.
 
  a. rugged individualism
  b. pacifism
  c. capitalism
  d. opposition to communism
  e. cooperative social and economic practices

[dajones82]

Answer to Question 1

e

Answer to Question 2

e