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Oliver Wendell Holmes is credited with introducing the words "anesthesia" and "anesthetic" into the English language in 1846.
Though Candida and Aspergillus species are the most common fungal pathogens causing invasive fungal disease in the immunocompromised, infections due to previously uncommon hyaline and dematiaceous filamentous fungi are occurring more often today. Rare fungal infections, once accurately diagnosed, may require surgical debridement, immunotherapy, and newer antifungals used singly or in combination with older antifungals, on a case-by-case basis.
Hippocrates noted that blood separates into four differently colored liquids when removed from the body and examined: a pure red liquid mixed with white liquid material with a yellow-colored froth at the top and a black substance that settles underneath; he named these the four humors (for blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile).
Aspirin is the most widely used drug in the world. It has even been recognized as such by the Guinness Book of World Records.
Illicit drug use costs the United States approximately $181 billion every year.
![Boreal forests, such as this one in Siberian Russia, are dominated by a few species of conifer trees](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_33_27_08_11_11_56_24_1548799.jpeg)
![Elephant work camp in Thailand. Elephants are used for heavy forest work and in circus presentations](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_27692_23_04_12_3_23_30.jpeg)