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Vampire bats have a natural anticoagulant in their saliva that permits continuous bleeding after they painlessly open a wound with their incisors. This capillary blood does not cause any significant blood loss to their victims.
Medication errors are more common among seriously ill patients than with those with minor conditions.
On average, the stomach produces 2 L of hydrochloric acid per day.
An identified risk factor for osteoporosis is the intake of excessive amounts of vitamin A. Dietary intake of approximately double the recommended daily amount of vitamin A, by women, has been shown to reduce bone mineral density and increase the chances for hip fractures compared with women who consumed the recommended daily amount (or less) of vitamin A.
Blood in the urine can be a sign of a kidney stone, glomerulonephritis, or other kidney problems.