Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
Discrimination occurs when individuals learn to notice the unique aspects of seemingly similar situations or stimuli. It is facilitated when inappropriate generalizations to similar stimuli are not reinforced. The individual then learns to notice the unique aspects of the seemingly similar stimuli and to respond accordingly. For example, young children must learn to discriminate among the letters p, d, b, and g. Although the letters have similar sounds, they are distinct letters in the English alphabet.