The students in Ms. Chen's classroom include students of color, ...

[crobinson2013]

The students in Ms. Chen's classroom include students of color, low-SES students, White middle-SES students, gifted and talented students, and students with disabilities. In thinking about how to deal with such a diverse group, Ms. Chen decides to present material using a variety of formats and in a variety of modalities, have students demonstrate what they've learned in a variety of ways, and use a variety of techniques to motivate students to learn. The goal for such an approach to instruction, often called Universal Design for Learning, is to
 
  a. help all students learn as much as possible.
  b. identify which students qualify for some type of special class placement.
  c. motivate all students to work hard by increasing the difficulty of lessons.
  d. create within-class ability groups as a way to maximize the learning of all students.

Question 2

What conclusions have been reached by psychologists who have reviewed research on the effectiveness of using objectives?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[mk6555]

Answer to Question 1

A

Answer to Question 2

Research has shown that objectives seem to work best when students are aware of them. Additionally, objectives work best when they are clearly written and the task is neither too difficult nor too easy for the learner. Students of average ability seem to benefit most from instructional objectives when compared with peers of higher and lower ability. The use of objectives also leads to an improvement in intentional, but to a decline in incidental, learning. General objectives seem to have more of a positive effect on incidental learning than do specific objectives.