A debit may result in a. an increase in an expense account. b. ...

[bobbie]

A debit may result in
 a. an increase in an expense account.
  b. an increase in an asset account.
  c. a decrease in a liability account.
  d. a decrease in a revenue account.
  e. all of these.

Question 2

Variable and absorption costing, explaining operating-income differences.
 
  Crystal Clear Corporation manufactures and sells 50-inch television sets and uses standard costing. Actual data relating to January, February, and March 2014 are as follows:
 
  The selling price per unit is 3,500. The budgeted level of production used to calculate the budgeted fixed manufacturing cost per unit is 1,400 units. There are no price, efficiency, or spending variances. Any production-volume variance is written off to cost of goods sold in the month in which it occurs.
 
  1. Prepare income statements for Crystal Clear in January, February, and March 2014 under (a) variable costing and (b) absorption costing.
  2. Explain the difference in operating income for January, February, and March under variable costing and absorption costing.

[ergserg]

Answer to Question 1

E

Answer to Question 2

1. Key inputs for income statement computations are:

January February March
Beginning inventory
Production
Goods available for sale
Units sold
Ending inventory 0
1,400
1,400
1,300
100 100
1,375
1,475
1,375
100 100
1,430
1,530
1,455
75

The budgeted fixed manufacturing cost per unit and budgeted total manufacturing cost per unit under absorption costing are:

January February March
(a) Budgeted fixed manufacturing costs
(b) Budgeted production
(c) = (a)  (b) Budgeted fixed manufacturing cost per unit
(d) Budgeted variable manufacturing cost per unit
(e) = (c) + (d) Budgeted total manufacturing cost per unit 490,000
1,400
350
950
1,300 490,000
1,400
350
950
1,300 490,000
1,400
350
950
1,300

(a) Variable Costing
January 2014 February 2014 March 2014
Revenuesa 4,550,000 4,812,500 5,092,500
Variable costs
Beginning inventoryb
 0  95,000
 95,000
Variable manufacturing costsc 1,330,000 1,306,250 1,358,500
Cost of goods available for sale
Deduct ending inventoryd 1,330,000
(95,000) 1,401,250
(95,000) 1,453,500
(71,250)
Variable cost of goods sold
Variable operating costse
Total variable costs 1,235,000
942,500

2,177,500 1,306,250
996,875

2,303,125 1,382,250
1,054,875

2,437,125
Contribution margin
Fixed costs
Fixed manufacturing costs
Fixed operating costs
Total fixed costs
Operating income

490,000
120,000

2,372,500

610,000
1,762,500

490,000
120,000

2,509,375

610,000
1,899,375

490,000
120,000

2,655,375

610,000
2,045,375

a 3,500  1,300; 3,500  1,375; 3,500  1,455
b ?  0; 950  100; 950  100
c 950  1,400; 950  1,375; 950  1,430
d 950  100; 950  100; 950  75
e 725  1,300; 725  1,375; 725  1,455

(b) Absorption Costing

January 2014 February 2014 March 2014
Revenuesa
Cost of goods sold
Beginning inventoryb

 0 4,550,000

 130,000 4,812,500

 130,000 5,092,500

Variable manufacturing costsc 1,330,000 1,306,250 1,358,500
Allocated fixed manufacturing costsd 490,000 481,250 500,500
Cost of goods available for sale 1,820,000 1,917,500 1,989,000
Deduct ending inventorye (130,000) (130,000) (97,500)
Adjustment for prod. vol. var.f 0 8,750 U (10,500) F
Cost of goods sold 1,690,000 1,796,250 1,881,000
Gross margin 2,860,000 3,016,250 3,211,500
Operating costs
Variable operating costsg 942,500 996,875 1,054,875
Fixed operating costs 120,000 120,000 120,000
Total operating costs 1,062,500 1,116,875 1,174,875
Operating income 1,797,500 1,899,375 2,036,625

a 3,500  1,300; 3,500  1,375; 3,500  1,455
b ? 0; 1,300  100; 1,300  100
c 950  1,400; 950  1,375; 950  1,430
d 350  1,400; 350  1,375; 350  1,430
e 1,300  100; 1,300  100; 1,300  75
f 490,000  490,000; 490,000  481,250; 490,000  500,500
g 725  1,300; 725  1,375; 725  1,455

2. Absorption-costingoperating income  Variable costingoperating income = Fixed manufacturingcosts inending inventory  Fixed manufacturingcosts inbeginning inventory

January: 1,797,500  1,762,500 = (350  100)  0
35,000 = 35,000

February: 1,899,375  1,899,375 = (350  100)  (350  100)
0 = 0

March: 2,036,625  2,045,375 = (350  75)  (350  100)
 8,750 =  8,750

The difference between absorption and variable costing is due solely to moving fixed manufacturing costs into inventories as inventories increase (as in January) and out of inventories as they decrease (as in March).

[bobbie]

Excellent

[amcvicar]

TYSM