Answer to Question 1
The individual differences that exist among students are one reason that teachers need to be reflective. Reflective teachers set aside time to think about what they do in class, why they do it, and the effect of their methods upon their students' learning. When acting as the teacher/artist, reflective teachers are flexible in their use of multiple approaches to the instruction and assessment of students. Reflective teachers use their awareness of students' learning styles to guide their selection of instructional methods and assessment practices. Table 4.3 provides a list of suggested instructional methods that can be used with various learning styles. In planning for assessment, teachers should use various test formats to measure accurately what students with various styles have learned. This can be done by using a variety of methods on each particular test and also across all tests given during that term.
Answer to Question 2
Atkinson believes that low-need achievers prefer very easy tasks (because the probability of success is high) or very lofty, difficult tasks (because there is little shame in failing to achieve a lofty goal).
A variety of insect mouthparts.
Learning Multiplication
Needles are available in a variety of gauges.
A wide variety of pathogens may live on or in the human body
Immunizing young children against a variety of diseases
An example of continuous variation: biology students organized according to height.