Answer to Question 1
The intelligence quotient (IQ) score is a global index, derived from the scores on each related subtest, and is used as an indicator of academic success for the next year or so after the test is administered. These scores should not be viewed as absolute measures of ability. Rather, they are estimates of how well a child is able to respond to particular types of tasks at a particular point in time and on a particular test, compared with other children of their age. Because intelligence tests measure tasks relevant to school work, and since the tests predict future academic success, it follows logically that any activity aimed at improving classroom performance will probably have a positive impact on intelligence test performance as well. Therefore, it would be possible to raise an individual's IQ scores. In fact, current research has shown that the cognitive abilities measured by intelligence tests can be improved with instruction.
Answer to Question 2
The cognitive-developmental view stresses that students strive for equilibration and mastery of the environment. Hence this view emphasizes intrinsic motivation, where learning serves as its own reward.
Unique markings identify individual humpback whales.
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Lod Score Values for the Families in Figure 5.15