Answer to Question 1
Answer: The omnipotent view of management holds that managers, and the decisions that managers make, are largely responsible for the success or failure of an organization. When profits go up, the leader gets to take the credit; when profits drop, the leader takes the blame. The symbolic view of management states that the manager is not so critical to success or failure, but rather outside external factors largely determine the fate of an organization.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The phrase demographics is destiny refers to the idea that large cohorts of people within a generation tend to drive a culture and an economy. Thus, in the United States, for example, as the enormous Baby Boomer generation grew up and needed housing, the housing market boomed as more and more people bought homes and depleted the existing supply of housing, causing prices to rise. As the children of Baby Boomers grew up and began to move out of their family homes, the Baby Boomers sold their homes and moved into smaller places. The generation that followed the Baby Boomers was not as large as the Baby Boom generation in sheer numbers, so there weren't enough people to buy up available housing. Too few customers chasing too many homes caused the housing market to drop.
Muscles of the right hand side view
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Jacob van Ruisdael, View of Haarlem from the Dunes at Overveen.
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Aerial View of the Ceremonial Complex, Persepolis