Answer to Question 1
Specific transfer occurs when an initially learned task makes it easier to learn a subsequent task because the two tasks share one or more specific features, as in learning two Romance languages.
Answer to Question 2
Negative transfer occurs when knowledge of one task or skill interferes with learning a second task or skill. Racquetball players often find it difficult to switch to tennis (and vice versa) because the action of the arm in the swing is so different.