What does work at Sears, Royal Dutch Shell, and the United States ...

[Yolanda]

What does work at Sears, Royal Dutch Shell, and the United States Army suggest are good ways of making change stick?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Define and discuss a matrix organization.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[peter]

Answer to Question 1

Essentially, there are three important practices. First, the organization needs to fully incorporate all employees into the challenges faced by the organization. This means active engagement rather than simply surface level involvement. Second, leaders should stress the urgency of change that gets everyone moving in the right direction. Finally, the organization must create relentless discomfort with the status quo; that is, a sense that the job can always be done better.

Answer to Question 2

A Matrix organization combines product and functional structures. You gain economies of scale, the ability to share resources, and flexibility to adapt quickly to the market. Individuals have dual reporting relationships, which can get confusing. There can be temporary overlay, which crosses functions on a special short-term basis; a permanent overlay in which the project teams stay together once the project is finished; or a mature matrix organization where the product and functional lines are strong and permanent.