What type of category might be anticipated and established prior ...

[hubes95]

What type of category might be anticipated and established prior to data collection?
 
  a. Substantive category c. Theoretical category
  b. Organizational category d. None

Question 2

Briefly describe four factors that researchers believe lead to lower achievement scores for low-SES minority students than for white students.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[jomama]

Answer to Question 1

B

Answer to Question 2

Four factors that researchers believe contribute to the achievement gap between low-SES minority and white students are
(1) living conditions (such as inadequate health care, small and overcrowded living quarters,
stress of living in high crime neighborhoods)
(2) family environment (one-parent family, low support for education, cognitively impoverished communication between parent and child)
(3) characteristics of the student (such as lower need for achievement, belief that one doesn't need an education to get a good job, holding academic excellence in low regard)
(4) classroom environment (teacher provides academic and emotional support)