Answer to Question 1
Diversity is defined as the differences resulting from age, gender, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic background, and capabilities or disabilities. The increasing diversity of the workforce presents three challenges for organizations and their managers: fairness and justice challenge, decision-making and performance challenge, and flexibility challenge.
Fairness and Justice Challenge: Jobs in organizations are a scarce resource, and obtaining jobs and being promoted to a higher-level job is a competitive process. Managers are challenged to allocate jobs, promotions, and rewards in a fair and equitable manner.
Decision-Making and Performance Challenge: Another important challenge posed by a diverse workforce is how to take advantage of differences in the attitudes and perspectives of people of different ages, genders, or races, in order to improve decision making and raise organizational performance.
Flexibility Challenge: A third diversity challenge is to be sensitive to the needs of different kinds of employees and to try to develop flexible employment approaches that increase employee well-being.
Answer to Question 2
B
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