Answer to Question 1
D
Answer to Question 2
A mechanistic structure is likely to give rise to a culture in which predictability and stability are desired end states. An organic structure is likely to give rise to a culture in which innovation and flexibility are desired terminal values.
An organization's structure can promote cultural values that foster integration and coordination. Out of stable task and role relationships, for example, emerge shared norms and rules that help reduce communications problems, prevent the distortion of information, and speed the flow of information. Moreover, norms, values, and a common organizational language can improve the performance of teams and task forces.
In addition, whether a company is centralized or decentralized can lead to the development of different kinds of cultural values. By decentralizing authority, an organization can establish values that encourage and reward creativity or innovation. Conversely, in some organizations, it is important that employees do not make decisions on their own and that their actions be open to the scrutiny of superiors. In cases like this, centralization can be used to create cultural values that reinforce obedience and accountability.
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