Answer to Question 1
To be effective, a change leader's initial task is to create what Lewin called
unfreezingthat is all forms for learning and change start with some form of
dissatisfaction or frustration. The second stage of Lewin's model involves
moving, whereby members of the group move from one set of behaviors to
another. Those new behaviors must become permanent, for at least a desired
period of time. That is the refreezing stage where a newly created equilibrium is
made relatively secure against change. Refreezing is the stage, where social
system components become congruent with, and thus support, intended change
in one or more components.
Answer to Question 2
Lewin's approach to behavior explained the influence of context with a simple
formula: B = (P, E). Behavior (B) is a function of the person herself (P) and the
environmental context (E) in which that person operates. In this equation, wrote
Lewin, the person (P) and his environment (E) have to be viewed as variables
which are mutually dependent upon each other. To understand or to predict
behavior, the person and his environment have to be considered as one
constellation of interdependent factors. The person and his context, in that view,
are interdependent variables shaping behavior.
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