A researcher investigating a teacher's use of positive reinforcement in the classroom observed the classroom in five-minute cycles and recorded the number of instances of positive reinforcement during the cycle. The researcher was using
a. time coding.
b. sign coding.
c. a situational test.
d. contrived observation.
e. case sampling.
Question 2
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a group-administered standardized achievement test?
a. Uniform directions for administration are provided.
b. Scores can be interpreted by comparing them with group norms.
c. It must be administered by persons with specialized training.
d. Scores are relatively unaffected by administrators' biases.
e. Reliability and validity data are provided.