Answer to Question 1
Organizational politics is an integral part of decision-making in an organization. Organizational politics can improve the choices and decisions that an organization makes, but it can also produce problems and promote conflict if it is not managed skillfully. To manage organizational politics and gain its benefits, an organization must establish a balance of power in which alternative views and solutions can be offered and considered by all parties and dissenting views can be heard. It is also important for the balance of power to shift over time, toward the party that can best manage the uncertainty and contingencies facing the organization. An organization's ability to obtain the benefits of politics depends on the assumption that power flows to those who can be of most help to the organization. This assumption means that unsuccessful managers lose power to successful managers and there is a constant movement of power in the organization as an individual's or a group's power ebbs and flows. When the balance of power between stakeholders or subunits does not force the allocation of resources to where they can best create value, organizational effectiveness suffers. When powerful managers can suppress the views of those who oppose their interests, debate becomes restricted, checks and balances fade, bad conflict increases, and organizational inertia increases.
Answer to Question 2
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