Answer to Question 1
Answer: B
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Vroom states that a person's motivation to exert some level of effort or specific behavior is a function of three things: valence, instrumentality, and expectancy. Valence is the perceived value the person attaches to the reward. Instrumentality is the perceived relationship between successful performance and obtaining the reward. Expectancy is the probability that performance of the behavior or exertion of the effort will result in achieving the desired reward. Motivation is equal to E I V. Victor Vroom would say there should be a clear link between effort and performance, and between performance and reward, and that the reward must be attractive to the employee.