Answer to Question 1
Answer: Programmed learning is a step-by-step self-learning method using a medium such as a textbook, computer, or the Internet. The three parts of the method include presenting questions, facts, and problems to the learner, allowing the person to respond, and then providing feedback on the accuracy of answers. Programmed learning reduces training time. It also facilitates learning by letting trainees learn at their own pace, get immediate feedback, and reduce their risk of error. Some argue that trainees do not learn much more from programmed learning than from a textbook. Yet studies generally support programmed learning's effectiveness. In addition to the usual programmed learning, computerized intelligent tutoring systems learn what questions and approaches worked and did not work for the learner, and then adjust the instructional sequence to the trainee's unique needs.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Computer-based training refers to training methods that use interactive computer-based systems to increase knowledge or skills. For example, employers use CBT to teach employees safe methods for avoiding falls. The system lets trainees replay the lessons and answer questions, and is especially effective when paired with actual practice under a trainer's watchful eye.
Computer-based training is increasingly realistic. For example, interactive multimedia training integrates the use of text, video, graphics, photos, animation, and sound to create a complex training environment with which the trainee interacts. In training a physician, for instance, such a system lets a medical student take a hypothetical patient's medical history, conduct an examination, and analyze lab tests. The student can then interpret the sounds and draw conclusions for a diagnosis. Virtual reality training takes this realism a step further, by putting trainees into a simulated environment.
Cone of Learning (adapted from Dale).
Brain scans showing the white-matter pathways involved in everyday learning:
A historical timeline of regulatory acts, standards, and organizations
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