Answer to Question 1
Human behavior plays a fundamental role in how well control works. People may resist control for various reasons. People may feel that the firm is trying to exert more influence than is appropriate. They may resist control because they feel it is inappropriately focused or because the control ultimately increases their accountability. Firms can increase participation in an attempt to overcome employee resistance to control. Firms can also create a control system with reasonable accountability. It can provide a diagnostic mechanism for addressing unacceptable deviations. Ultimately, though, firms must recognize that culture plays an important part in the acceptance of international control.
Answer to Question 2
The most promising candidates share the following characteristics: managerial competence, appropriate training, and adaptability to new situations. Because of the risk of expatriate failure, firms often devote considerable resources to selection and training. Firms use personality tests and interviews as part of its selection process. Firms may also use psychologists to help assess prospects and learn about family considerations. Self-assessment checklists help candidates probe their motivations for seeking a foreign transfer. The primary cause of expatriate failure is the inability of the managers and/or their spouses and families to adjust to the new locale, so it's important for firms to include family members in the selection process.
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