Answer to Question 1
Subordinateship refers to employees' attitudes toward leaders. The crucial fact to grasp about leadership in any culture, Hofstede points out, is that it complements subordinateshi
Answer to Question 2
Research by the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE) research program comprised a network of 170 social scientists and management scholars from 62 countries for the purpose of understanding the impact of cultural variables on leadership and organizational processes.
Those leadership styles and behaviors found to be culturally contingent are: charismatic, team-oriented, self-protective, participative, humane, and autonomous.
The charismatic leader shown in this research is someone who is, for example, a visionaryan inspiration to subordinates and performance-oriented. A team-oriented leader is someone who exhibits diplomatic, integrative, and collaborative behaviors toward the team. The self-protective dimension describes a leader who is self-centered, conflictual, and status conscious. The participative leader is one who delegates decision making and encourages subordinates to take responsibility. Humane leaders are those who show compassion to their employees. An autonomous leader is, as expected, an individualist, so countries that ranked participation as important tended to rank autonomy in leadership as relatively unimportant.