Answer to Question 1
B
Answer to Question 2
IJVs and other global alliances require unique controls for proper management. Ignoring these specific control requisites can limit the parent company's ability to use its resources efficiently, coordinate its activities, and implement its strategy. With subsidiaries, suppliers, distributors, manufacturing facilities, carriers, brokers, and customers all over the globe, global trade is complicated and fragmented. Global trade is extremely complicated. Deciding on a global strategy is one thing, but implementing it through all the necessary parties and intermediaries around the world presents a whole new level of complexity. Because of that complexity, many firms decide to implement their global e-commerce strategy by outsourcing the necessary tasks to e-commerce enablers, companies that specialize in providing the technology to organize transactions and follow through with the regulatory requirements. These specialists can help companies sort through the maze of different taxes, duties, language translations, and so onspecific to each country. Such services allow small and medium-sized companies to go global without the internal capabilities to carry out global e-commerce functions. These kinds of Web-based services allow a company to manage an entire global trade operation, including automation of imports and exports by screening orders and generating the appropriate documentation, paying customs charges, and complying with trade agreements.