Answer to Question 1
SSL provides a security handshake in which the client and server computers exchange a brief burst of messages. In those messages, the client and server agree on the level of security to be used for exchange of digital certificates and other tasks. Each computer identifies the other. After identification, SSL encrypts and decrypts information flowing between the two computers. This means that information in both the HTTP request and any HTTP response is encrypted.
Answer to Question 2
The purpose of a necessity threat, which usually occurs as a delay attack, denial attack, or denial-of-service (DoS) attack, is to disrupt normal computer processing, or deny processing entirely. For example, slowing down the response time of any Web site could drive customers to competitors sites and discourage them from ever returning. The Internet Worm attack of 1998, which disabled thousands of computer systems that were connected to the Internet, was the first recorded example of a DoS attack.
Lenticels Allow Gas Exchange through the Periderm
Gas exchange occurs at the alveolar capillary membrane.
Portable digital refractometer.
The RecA strand exchange reaction as shown from single-molecule studies
Countercurrent Exchange
The same pair of homologs, but with no exchange occurring between them