Answer to Question 1
Object-oriented languages are the most recent in the progression of high-level programming languages and are extremely popular with application developers. Object-oriented languages use common modules (called objects), which combine properties and behaviors to define the relevant system components. An example of an object would be a specific student who has a name, an address, date of birth (i.e., the properties), but can also perform certain operations, such as register for a class (the behaviors). If an object-oriented programming language is being used, it enables the design and implementation of the objects to happen quickly and simultaneously, as oftentimes, preexisting objects can be reused or adapted.
Answer to Question 2
A compiler takes an entire program's source code written in a programming language and converts it into an executable, i.e., a program in machine language that can be read and executed directly by the computer. Although the compilation process can take quite some time (especially for large programs), the resulting executables run very fast; thus, programs are usually compiled before they are sold as executables to the customers.
Some programming environments do not compile the entire program into machine language. Instead, each statement of the program is converted into machine language and executed on the fly (i.e., one statement at a time). The type of program that does the conversion and execution is called an interpreter. As the source code is translated each time the program is run, it is easy to quickly evaluate the effects of any changes made to the program's source code. However, this also causes interpreted programs to run much slower than compiled executables. Programming languages can be either compiled or interpreted.
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