Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
In anticipation, the speaker uses a language element before it is appropriate in the sentence because it corresponds to an element that will be needed later in the utterance. For example, instead of saying, an inspiring expression, a speaker might say, an expiring expression..
In perseveration, the speaker uses a language element that was appropriate earlier in the sentence but that is not appropriate later on. For example, a speaker might say, We sat down to a bounteous beast instead of a bounteous feast..
In substitution, the speaker substitutes one language element for another. For example, you may have warned someone to do something after it is too late, when you meant before it is too late..
In reversal (also called transposition), the speaker switches the positions of two language elements. An example is the reversal that reportedly led flutterby to become butterfly.. This reversal captivated language users so much that it is now the preferred form. Sometimes, reversals can be fortuitously opportune.
In spoonerisms, the initial sounds of two words are reversed and make two entirely different words. The term is named after the Reverend William Spooner, who was famous for them. Some of his choicest slips include, You have hissed all my mystery lectures, missed all my history lectures and Easier for a camel to go through the knee of an idol the eye of a needle.
In malapropism, one word is replaced by another that is similar in sound but different in meaning (e.g., furniture dealers selling naughty pine instead of knotty pine).
Additionally, slips may occur because of insertions of sounds (e.g., mischievious instead of mischievous or drownded instead of drowned) or other linguistic elements. The opposite kind of slip involves deletions (e.g., sound deletions such as prossing instead of processing). Such deletions often involve blends (e.g., blounds for blended sounds).
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