Answer to Question 1
In IDEF1X, nonidentifying connection relationships have a default cardinality of one-to-many, with a mandatory parent and optional child. This is represented by placing a filled-in circle by the child. The same notation is the default for identifying connection relationships. Nonspecific relationships place a filled-in circle at each end of the connecting line, but there is no way to indicate a minimum cardinality. Additional symbology that may be used is a diamond next to the parent to indicate that it is optional, a P to indicate one-or-more, and a Z to indicate zero-or-one.
Answer to Question 2
In IDEF1X, nonidentifying connection relationships are drawn as dashed lines. Identifying connection relationships are drawn as solid lines, as are nonspecific relationships.
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ray diagrams
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