Answer to Question 1
Psychologists differentiate two kinds of concepts: classical concepts and fuzzy concepts. Classical concepts are categories that can be readily defined through defining features, such as bachelor. Fuzzy concepts are categories that cannot be so easily defined, such as game or death. Their borders are, as their name implies, fuzzy. Classical concepts tend to be inventions that experts have devised for arbitrarily labeling a class that has associated defining features. Fuzzy concepts tend to evolve naturally. Classical concepts and categories may be built on defining features. Fuzzy concepts and categories are built around prototypes. According to the prototype view, an object will be classified as belonging to a category if it is sufficiently similar to the prototype, that is, if it has some family resemblance.
Answer to Question 2
A script is a schema that contains information about the particular order in which things occur. In general, scripts are much less flexible than schemas. Scripts, however, include default values for the actors, the props, the setting, the roles to be played, the sequence of events expected to occur and the expected results. These values taken together compose an overview of an event.
A Simple Neural Model of Classical Conditioning
How lateral inhibition produces contrast enhancement. (Based on Ratliff, 1972.)
Core Concepts in Sociology, Second Canadian Edition, 2/E (Lindsey, Beach, Ravelli)
Classical-Conditioning Activity
Classical Conditioning and Food
Concepts related to alterations of genetics