|
|
The average human gut is home to perhaps 500 to 1,000 different species of bacteria.
It is believed that the Incas used anesthesia. Evidence supports the theory that shamans chewed cocoa leaves and drilled holes into the heads of patients (letting evil spirits escape), spitting into the wounds they made. The mixture of cocaine, saliva, and resin numbed the site enough to allow hours of drilling.
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the breathing tubes (bronchi), which causes increased mucus production and other changes. It is usually caused by bacteria or viruses, can be serious in people who have pulmonary or cardiac diseases, and can lead to pneumonia.
About 80% of major fungal systemic infections are due to Candida albicans. Another form, Candida peritonitis, occurs most often in postoperative patients. A rare disease, Candida meningitis, may follow leukemia, kidney transplant, other immunosuppressed factors, or when suffering from Candida septicemia.
![Edward Bellamy, author of the utopian novel Looking Backward (1888) Bellamy’s socialism worried many](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_27_24_08_15_1_27_04_223942387.jpeg)
![The Power and Control Wheels of Abusive Relationships When one person in a relationship repeatedly ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_660365_25_12_16_12_57_52_244051343.jpeg)