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Approximately 70% of expectant mothers report experiencing some symptoms of morning sickness during the first trimester of pregnancy.
There are major differences in the metabolism of morphine and the illegal drug heroin. Morphine mostly produces its CNS effects through m-receptors, and at k- and d-receptors. Heroin has a slight affinity for opiate receptors. Most of its actions are due to metabolism to active metabolites (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide).
When blood is exposed to air, it clots. Heparin allows the blood to come in direct contact with air without clotting.
The first oral chemotherapy drug for colon cancer was approved by FDA in 2001.
Drug-induced pharmacodynamic effects manifested in older adults include drug-induced renal toxicity, which can be a major factor when these adults are experiencing other kidney problems.