Answer to Question 1
Because of the need and expense for additional wiring, parallel mode is used almost exclusively within the confines of the computer's internal architecture or to connect a computer to a high-speed device, such as a laser printer. Parallel mode is also sometimes used to connect two high-speed devices that are in close proximity to each other.
Answer to Question 2
Two widely used encoding schemes are ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) and EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code). EBCDIC was created by IBM for use with its large-scale mainframe computers and is based on an eight-bit byte. ASCII is the more common encoding scheme and has been used much more extensively, especially by terminals and microcomputers. ASCII has two versions, Standard ASCII, based on a seven-bit byte, and Extended ASCII, based on an eight-bit byte. Of the two, Extended ASCII is used more often. In EBCDIC or Extended ASCII, a byte has eight bits. Both EBCDIC and Extended ASCII are capable of encoding, or defining, up to 256 different characters using these eight bits. The limit is 256 because there is a maximum of 256 different ways that eight 0s and 1s can be put together. Two possible ways are 00000000 and 11111111.
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