Answer to Question 1
B
Because the nursing supervisor traditionally made rounds at the same time each day, the staff members
were prepared for the visit. When the supervisor arrived unexpectedly, the staff members were most
likely caught off-guard. The Hawthorn effect occurs when recognition that one is being studied or
observed results in a change in behavior. Coincidence, diligence of staff, and time management would
not account for the dramatic change in behavior.
Answer to Question 2
B
Fisher & Koch (1996) identified a kind of power where an individual is perceived to be charismatic in nature and of great vision. This type of power is called referent or charisma power. Nurse B in the example given above is exhibiting this type of power as she is respected and admired by her staff, is considered to have great vision, and seems to have an ability to attract people. Expert power is derived from an individual's knowledge and skills (Fisher & Koch, 1996). Connection power is derived from the connections that people have together such as teamwork, collaboration, networking, and mentoring (Miller, 2003). Reward power is based on the individual's ability to reward or punish others (Miller, 2003).
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