Lewin describes different types of forces that can influence an ...

[cartlidgeashley]

Lewin describes different types of forces that can influence an individual's or group's reaction to change. Methods for accounting use or updating old equipment are part of which type of forces?
 
  a. people c. political
  b. structural d. technology

Question 2

Nurses in an in-patient rehabilitation center are accustomed to working 12-hour shifts. The director of nursing is encouraging the nursing staff to consider adding 8-hour shifts to the existing traditional or 12-hour shift blocks.
 
  What type of change effort strategy is the director of nursing using? a. normative-reeducative c. systems thinking
  b. power-coercive d. rational-empirical

[Brummell1998]

Answer to Question 1

D
Lewin's (1951) forces that can influence change can be described as driving and restraining forces of which there are four kinds. These four kinds of forces are: politicalpower groups in favor of or opposed to change event, 2) technology whether to update old equipment, computer systems, or methods for accounting and supply use, 3) structuralcosts, desirability, and feasibility of remodeling or new building construction to support the change project, and 4) peoplecommitment of staff, level of education/training, interest in the project.

Answer to Question 2

A
The normative-reeducative approach for change is when the individual's need to maintain satisfactory workplace relationships is used as means to induce change such as the encouragement to accept 8-hour shifts. Under the rational-empirical approach, knowledge is used to encourage change. The power-coercive approach utilizes power, control, authority, and even threat of job loss to obtain compliance with change efforts.