Answer to Question 1
3
Explanation: 1. This legislation came long after healthcare consumerism gained strength.
2. Medicare was not a major driver of healthcare consumerism.
3. Managed care had a great impact on healthcare consumerism as consumers became upset with the changes made such as reduced choice of providers.
4. Nursing advocacy grew with healthcare consumerism, but it was not a major impact on it.
Answer to Question 2
1, 2
Explanation: 1. The individual level focuses on informing patients and targeting interventions to the individual. Included are self-management and education.
2. The interpersonal level focuses on support and empowering patients. Included are giving advice, emotional support, and provision of resources.
3. The community level focuses on transforming culture.
4. The policy level focuses on translating consumer voice into policy and laws.