Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
An example of a nonfunctional self-role is the role of avoider, which is characterized by whispering to others, daydreaming, doodling, and acting indifferent and passive. Another example of a nonfunctional self-role is the role of aggressor, which is characterized by criticizing or blaming others, personally attacking other members, and using sarcasm and hostility in interactions. Another nonfunctional self-role is the role of blocker, which is characterized by instantly rejecting ideas or arguing an idea to death, citing tangential ideas and opinions, and obstructing decision making. A final example of a nonfunctional self-role is the role of self-confessor, which is characterized by using the group to express personal views and feelings unrelated to the group task.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
Characteristics of effective groups include having goals that are clearly identified and collaboratively developed. Unshared leader power, guarded communication and feelings, and vague goals are examples of ineffective group characteristics.