Between 1900 and 1955, the leading causes of mortality were ...

[xclash]

Between 1900 and 1955, the leading causes of mortality were pneumonia, tuberculosis, and diarrhea/enteritis. By mid-century, nurses faced new challenges as the leading causes of death became:
 
  1. Heart disease, cancer, and cerebrovascular disease
  2. Influenza
  3. Tropical diseases from increased travel abroad
  4. Diseases from overcrowded conditions in large cities

Question 2

Public health cannot ensure services that improve health if those services lack quality. Public health must:
 
  1. Provide the same service to all citizens
  2. Maintain quality in its workforce and continually evaluate service effectiveness
  3. Rid itself of low-quality services
  4. Depend on outside agencies to evaluate effectiveness

[Mholman93]

Answer to Question 1

1
Chronic illness care, long-term illness and disability, and disease prevention became the new challenges for nurses.

Answer to Question 2

2
Public health must maintain quality in its workforce and continually evaluate service effective-ness whether delivered to the individual, the community, or the population.