Author Question: Which best describes a prospective study? A) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled ... (Read 104 times)

Arii_bell · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

Which best describes a prospective study?

A) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred
B) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred
C) Descriptive study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred
D) Analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred

Question 2

The nurse reviews published research studies on the number of heart clients who are actively involved in exercise programs following a heart attack in preparation of conducting similar research.

Using knowledge of research validity, which threat to external validity must be considered?
A) Loss of a subject due to a second heart attack
B) Selection of a subject who does not meet the eligibility criteria for the study
C) A subject pedaling faster on the stationary bicycle whenever an examiner walks in the room
D) An unexpected increase in a subject's appetite that could affect the study

orangecrush · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Ans: B
Feedback:
A prospective study is an analytic study in which participants are enrolled before the health outcome of interest has occurred. A retrospective study is an analytic study in which participants are enrolled after the health outcome of interest has occurred.

Answer to Question 2

Ans: C
Feedback:
A threat to external validity is reactivity, also known as the Hawthorne effect, which occurs when participants behave in a certain way because they know they are being studied, affecting the generalizability of the findings. Threats to internal validity include mortality (the loss of subjects from the study), selection (the process by which participants are selected and grouped for a study), and maturation (the unplanned and unrecognized changes in the participants that could affect the findings of the study, such as fatigue, hunger, or increased knowledge).