Answer to Question 1
Ans: C
Feedback:
Duties of district nurses in Liverpool, England, in 1865 included the following: Investigate new referrals as soon as possible; report to the superintendent situations in which additional food or relief would improve recovery; report neglect of clients by family or friends to the superintendent; assist physicians with surgery in the home; maintain a clean, uncluttered home environment and tend fires for heat; teach the client and family about cleanliness, ventilation, giving of food and medications, and obedience to the physician's orders; set an example for neatness, order, sobriety, and obedience; hold family matters in confidence; avoid interference with the religious opinions and beliefs of clients and others; report facts to and ask questions of physicians; and refer the acutely ill to hospitals and the chronically ill, poor without family to infirmaries. Using epidemiologic knowledge and methods and encouraging community organization are principles of public health today, not duties of district nurses in England in 1865. Nurses at that time assisted physicians with surgery in the home, not in newly constructed hospitals.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: C
Feedback:
The Healthy People 2020 goals are as follows: attain high-quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death (not just to decrease the incidence of these); achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups; create social and physical environments that promote good health for all; and promote healthy development and healthy behaviors across every stage of life, not just older adults.
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