Answer to Question 1
Ans: B
Treating nonhuman reservoirs or eliminating them (e.g., by spraying for mosquitoes) are effective methods of preventing replication of pathogens and thus preventing transmission. Controlling the agent is an area in which technology and medical science have been effective. Inactivating the agent is the principle behind disinfection, sterilization, and radiation of fomites that may harbor pathogens. Treating infected persons, whether they are symptomatic or not, is effective in preventing transmission of pathogens that can be transmitted directly to others. This is a way of controlling the human reservoir. Many factors, such as age, general health status, nutrition, and health behaviors, contribute to host resistance. Immunity, however, is an indispensable defense against infection.
Answer to Question 2
Ans: A
Natural immunity is an innate resistance to a specific antigen or toxin. Acquired immunity is derived from actual exposure to the specific infectious agent. Active acquired immunity is when the body produces its own antibodies against an antigen as a result of infection with the pathogen or through a vaccine. Passive acquired immunity is temporary resistance that has been donated to the host through transfusions of plasma, proteins, immunoglobulin, or antitoxins.
Hormonal control of insect development.
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