Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?
a. Establishing strict criteria for subject selection
b. Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group
c. Ensuring that subjects do not know the purpose of the experimental study
d. Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection
Question 2
In which way is the independent variable handled differently in a study with a true experimental design compared with a study with a quasi-experimental design?
a. An experimental design requires an independent variable, whereas a quasi-experimental design neither identifies nor requires an independent variable.
b. Although both designs identify an independent variable, the nature of the groups (randomized versus nonrandomized) means that manipulation may result in different results.
c. Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, and quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone.
d. Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, whereas quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data are analyzed.
A fixed action pattern as an example of innate behaviour.
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