Answer to Question 1
ANS: C
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A Polk's Theory of Resilience is considered a Middle-Range Nursing Theory because it contains a limited number of concepts and is focused on a limited aspect of reality.
B Michel's Uncertainty in Illness Theory is considered a Middle-Range Nursing Theory for the reasons described for option A.
C Orem's theory is a Grand Nursing Theory since it is an all-inclusive conceptual structure that includes views on person, health, and environment.
D Im's Theory of Caucasians' Cancer Pain Experience is considered a Situation-Specific Nursing Theory because it is narrow in scope and explains a small aspect of the phenomena of interest to nurses.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
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A Situation-specific theories provide closer links between theory and practice, which is important because of the increased demand for evidence-based practice.
B At present, there is no increase in need for grand nursing theories that are generalizable across populations, health, and environments.
C Resources for funding grand theory development in nursing have always been limited.
D Nursing frequently borrows concepts, models, and theories from many other disciplines.
