Author Question: If beta, , is the probability of making a type II error, what is 1 minus ? (Select all that apply.) ... (Read 58 times)

lidoalex · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

If beta, , is the probability of making a type II error, what is 1 minus ? (Select all that apply.)

a. Alpha
b. A relationship exists
c. The power of the study
d. The likelihood that the null hypothesis is incorrect
e. The probability of not making a type II error

Question 2

Findings can be statistically significant be clinically not significant. Which of the following studies with statistically significant findings exemplify this? (Select all that apply.)

a. Seventy-five seconds of UV light daily can completely reverse the symptoms of allergic dermatitis.
b. Eating a cup of salad greens daily increases one's life expectancy by 2 years.
c. Petting a cat for five minutes daily increases one's endorphin levels.
d. Exercise Program Delta causes weight loss of 6.3 pounds per year in morbidly obese women.
e. Talking to a crying baby calms the baby more than ignoring it; picking up the baby calms it more than talking to it.
f. Medication R15B, taken daily from age 13, completely controls cystic acne by age 23.

milbourne11 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C, E
Power is the probability that a statistical test will detect an effect when it actually exists. Therefore, power is the inverse of type II error and is calculated as 1 . Recall that type II error is the probability of retaining the null hypothesis when it is in fact false. When the researcher sets type II error at 0.20 prior to conducting a study, this means that the power of the planned statistic has been set to 0.80. In other words, the statistic will have an 80 chance of detecting an effect if it actually exists.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C, D, E, F
The findings of a study can be statistically significant but may not be clinically important. For example, one group of patients might have a body temperature 0.1 F higher than that of another group. Data analysis might indicate that the two groups are statistically significantly different. However, the findings have little or no clinical importance due to the small difference in temperatures between groups. Persons with dermatitis would find the UV light treatment almost miraculous. Two extra years of life may be clinically important to those with good quality of life. Increasing endorphins is not due only to petting cats, so this study is not particularly significant, clinically. A weight loss of 6.3 pounds per year is not large enough to make a significant difference in the life of a morbidly obese woman. Picking up crying babies is something that even one's grandmother knows; this is not clinically useful. A medication that controls cystic acne ten years later is of little use to the adolescent who is miserable with acne.