A researcher is collecting data in a hospital during ...

[abarnes]

A researcher is collecting data in a hospital during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The researcher has devised a data collection form that contains five columns for data entry.
 
  During the first three data collection periods, the form works reasonably well, although the researcher has to turn the page over and write on the back. During the fourth, however, the CPR incident occurs in the emergency department and includes many procedures and interventions, and the researcher ends up taking a blank piece of paper and recording data on that. Later, it takes him 40 minutes to unscramble and collate the data and record it properly. What must be done now?
  a. The researcher will go back to the institutional review board and request permission to use a different form.
  b. The researcher will design a new form, with the assumption that the next CPR incident will be just as complex as the last was.
  c. The researcher will continue to use the old form, writing on the back when necessary, and pulling out blank pieces of paper, from time to time, for additional data recording.
  d. The researcher will decrease the amount of data necessary to record by revising the old study protocol, so that fewer research questions are asked.

Question 2

A systematic review should address the components specified in PICOS. Why is this so? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Interventional research always uses some means of comparison.
  b. Interventions that are actually naturally occurring conditions should be noted, since they decrease confirmatory power of the collective evidence.
  c. Study design is essential, since recommendations for change in practice can be based only on some designs.
  d. Desired outcomes, not actual outcomes of the study, are the focus of the review.
  e. The specific population from which a sample was drawn, and its similarity to those of others studies reviewed, affects generalizability.

[wilsonbho]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Before data collection begins, the researcher develops or adapts forms on which to record data. These forms can be used to record demographic data, information from the patient record, observations, or values from physiological measures. The researcher also might need to collect other data that may be extraneous or confounding variables such as the subject's physician, stage of illness, length of illness or hospitalization, complications, date of data collection, time of day and day of week of data collection, and any untoward events that occur during the data collection period. Data collection forms must be designed so that the data are easily recorded. If a form isn't working, design a better form. Data collection forms themselves do not need institutional review board (IRB) approvalthe information to be collected is what the IRB approves.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, B, C, E
A systematic review is a structured, comprehensive synthesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available to address a health care question. A systematic review involves identifying, locating, appraising, and synthesizing quality research evidence for expert clinicians to use to promote an EBP. Systematic reviews are often conducted by two or more researchers and/or clinicians in a selected area of interest to determine the best research knowledge in that area. Systematic reviews need to be conducted with rigorous research methodology to promote the accuracy of the findings and minimize the reviewers' bias. A systemic review or meta-analysis is best directed by a relevant clinical question that focuses the review process and promotes the development of a quality synthesis of research evidence. One of the most common formats used to organize a systematic review is the PICO or PICOS format described in the Cochran Handbook. PICOS are (1) population (or sample), (2) intervention, (3) comparison group or condition, (4) outcomes, and (5) study design. Naturally occurring interventions indicate a non-interventional design; the researcher enacts the research intervention.

[abarnes]

Excellent

[ryansturges]

TYSM