Author Question: An improvement in research ethics could prevent some or all of which of the following? (Select all ... (Read 63 times)

tsand2 · **on:** Jul 8, 2018

An improvement in research ethics could prevent some or all of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

a. Breaches of anonymity
b. Researchers' failures to report their funding sources in publications
c. Minimal risk to research participants
d. Unauthorized data collection
e. Patients' inability to understand complex research designs

Question 2

Which one of the following are considered vulnerable populations from an ethical point of view? (Select all that apply.)

a. Students
b. Persons with osteoporosis who are subject to hip fracture
c. Persons who are depressed
d. Prisoners
e. Persons who have recently suffered loss of a spouse

angrybirds13579 · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 8, 2018

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B, D
Ethical research is essential to generate sound knowledge for practice. The ethical conduct of research has been a focus since the 1940s because of the mistreatment of human subjects in selected studies. Human rights are claims and demands that have been justified in the eyes of an individual or by the consensus of a group of individuals. Having rights is necessary for the self-respect, dignity, and health of an individual. The human rights that require protection in research are (1) self-determination, (2) privacy, (3) anonymity and confidentiality, (4) fair treatment, and (5) protection from discomfort and harm. Although Institutional Review Boards exist to protect patient rights, this is not a reason that research ethics are essential. Results published in professional journals do not represent a violation of privacy, if the researcher has attended to ethical mandates.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, D
Some persons have diminished autonomy or are vulnerable and less advantaged because of legal or mental incompetence, terminal illness, or confinement to an institution. These persons require additional protection of their right to self-determination, because they have a decreased ability, or an inability, to give informed consent. In addition, these persons are vulnerable to coercion and deception. The U.S. DHHS has identified certain vulnerable groups of individuals, including pregnant women, human fetuses, neonates, children, mentally incompetent persons, and prisoners, who require additional protection in the conduct of research. Sometimes students feel forced to participate in research to protect their grades or prevent negative relationships with the faculty conducting the research.