Answer to Question 1
ANS: D
A key element of the philosophical basis of parish nursing is the spiritual dimension, which is central to the practice. All specialties require advanced education and are often practiced in non-health-oriented settings, such as workplaces, schools, or client homes.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B, D
Disparities in health care can be reduced or even eliminated when adults have health care insurance and a medical home defined as a setting that provides patients with timely, well-organized care and enhanced access to providers. According to the Commonwealth Fund (2007), when adults have insurance and a medical home, their access to needed care, receipt of routine preventive screenings, and management of chronic conditions improve substantially. Thus, having a strong family structure, access to transportation, ongoing employment, and owning one's own home are not nearly as important as having health insurance and a medical home.