Suppose a political scientist looked at public opinion surveys from the 1960s and 1980s that measured attitudes about bureaucrats. This political scientist is taking which approach to understanding the weak nature of American bureaucracy?
a. Ideational
b. Cross-case
c. Institutional
d. Rational-material
Question 2
Which is the strongest evidence for an institutional explanation of weak bureaucracy in the United States?
a. Obtaining a job in the American bureaucracy often requires having an expensive higher education.
b. American bureaucrats typically earn lower salaries than people performing similar jobs in the private sector.
c. Polls indicate that Americans feel that bureaucracies are inefficient and out of touch with everyday people.
d. Elected officials look better in the eyes of their constituents when they attack the ineffectiveness of the bureaucracy
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Propaganda to influence public opinion surrounds us, but most propaganda is covert, difficult to ...