When surveying the political functioning of three different states occupying the disputed region of Kanlock, comparativists found a correlation between countries with a strong religious influence on politics and a weak government.
Which of the following would be considered a positive correlation between these two variables?
A. a decrease in religious influence increases the chances of a state failing
B. an increase in religious influence has no effect on a state failing
C. an increase in religious influence increases the chances of a state failing
D. an increase in religious influence decreases the chances of a state failing
E. any increase or decrease in religious influence has no effect on a state failing
Question 2
Which of the following is true of correlation and causation?
A. Causation is a measure of association that does not establish a cause-effect relationship.
B. In the context of political science, research identifying causation is easier to conduct than correlational research.
C. The fact that attributes and outcomes are correlated automatically serves as evidence of causation.
D. Causation is defined as a measure of observed association between two variables.
E. Correlation, by itself, does not imply the existence of a causal relationship.
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