Bryan Jones and Frank Baumgartner argued that public policy can be explained through long periods of stability which are broken up by sudden and abrupt change known as
a. mass preferential adjustments.
b. governmental shifts.
c. turning points.
d. punctuated equilibrium.
e. scales of change.
Question 2
Professor Charles Lindblom in the 1950s described the domestic policymaking process as the science of muddling through. What was meant by this statement?
a. Officials must often resort to incremental and haphazard breakthroughs when creating policies.
b. Creating confusion can be intentional, and some make it as complicated as possible.
c. Muddling implies confusion, but often what appears to be muddling is intentional tactics designed to stall progress.
d. Legislators rarely do anything intentionally.
e. Muddling implies that something is actually pretty simple, thus creating public policy is not as difficult as some claim.
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