Answer to Question 1
An ideal response would be:
A variety of factors may account for the lower adoption rate of initiative measures. Initiatives often are used for controversial issues that have already been rejected by the legislature and have an organized opposition. In addition, initiatives are often proposed by narrow-based groups or by reform-minded elites who lack broad support for their views. Sometimes initiatives are proposed in order to launch educational campaigns rather than to actually win adoption.
Answer to Question 2
An ideal response would be:
Social stratification refers to the divisions in a community among socioeconomic groups or classes. Social scientists concerned with social stratification in the political system assume that political influence is a function of social stratification. These investigators try to find out who governs particular communities by asking various citizens to identify the people who are most influential. They base their work on the classical political philosopher Thomas Hobbes' assertion in Leviathan the reputation of power is power. Then they study those influential people to determine their social characteristics, their roles in decision making, and the interrelations among them and between them and the rest of the citizens. Using this technique, they find that the upper socioeconomic groups make up the power elite. Elected political leaders are subordinate to that elite, and the major conflicts within the community are between the upper and the lower socioeconomic classes.
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